Sunday, 11 September 2022

Koning Charles Die Derde spreek die nasie vir die eerste keer toe na Koningin se dood.

 “Ek praat vandag met jou met gevoelens van diep hartseer. Haar Majesteit Die Koningin – my geliefde Moeder – was dwarsdeur haar lewe ’n inspirasie en voorbeeld vir my en vir my hele familie, en ons is haar die opregte skuld verskuldig wat enige familie aan hul ma kan verskuldig; vir haar liefde, toegeneentheid, leiding, begrip en voorbeeld. Koningin Elizabeth was 'n goeie lewe; 'n belofte met die lot nagekom en sy word die diepste betreur in haar heengaan. Daardie belofte van lewenslange diens hernu ek vandag aan julle almal.

“Naas die persoonlike hartseer wat my hele familie voel, deel ons ook met so baie van julle in die Verenigde Koninkryk, in al die lande waar die koningin staatshoof was, in die Statebond en regoor die wêreld, 'n diep gevoel van dankbaarheid vir die meer as sewentig jaar waarin my Moeder as Koningin die mense van soveel nasies gedien het.

“In 1947, op haar een-en-twintigste verjaardag, het sy in 'n uitsending van Kaapstad na die Statebond belowe om haar lewe, hetsy dit kort of lank is, aan die diens van haar mense te wy. Dit was meer as 'n belofte: dit was 'n diepgaande persoonlike verbintenis wat haar hele lewe gedefinieer het. Sy het opofferings gemaak vir plig. Haar toewyding en toewyding as Soewerein het nooit afstand gedoen nie, deur tye van verandering en vooruitgang, deur tye van vreugde en feesviering, en deur tye van hartseer en verlies.

“In haar lewe van diens het ons daardie blywende liefde vir tradisie gesien, tesame met daardie vreeslose omhelsing van vooruitgang, wat ons groot maak as nasies. Die liefde, bewondering en respek wat sy geïnspireer het, het die kenmerk van haar bewind geword. En, soos elke lid van my familie kan getuig, het sy hierdie eienskappe gekombineer met warmte, humor en 'n onfeilbare vermoë om altyd die beste in mense raak te sien.

“Ek bring hulde aan my Ma se nagedagtenis en ek eer haar lewe van diens. Ek weet dat haar dood vir so baie van julle groot hartseer bring en ek deel daardie gevoel van verlies, oneindig groot, met julle almal.

“Toe die koningin op die troon gekom het, het Brittanje en die wêreld nog die ontberings en die nasleep van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog hanteer, en steeds volgens die konvensies van vroeër geleef. In die loop van die afgelope sewentig jaar het ons gesien hoe ons samelewing een van baie kulture en baie gelowe geword het. Die instellings van die staat het op hul beurt verander. Maar deur alle veranderinge en uitdagings het ons nasie en die breër familie van Ryke – op wie se talente, tradisies en prestasies ek so onuitspreeklik trots is – voorspoedig en gefloreer. Ons waardes het konstant gebly, en moet bly.

“Die rol en die pligte van Monargie bly ook, so ook die Soewerein se besondere verhouding en verantwoordelikheid teenoor die Kerk van Engeland – die Kerk waarin my eie geloof so diep gewortel is.

“In daardie geloof, en die waardes wat dit inspireer, is ek opgevoed om 'n pligsbesef teenoor ander te koester, en om die kosbare tradisies, vryhede en verantwoordelikhede van ons unieke geskiedenis en ons stelsel van parlementêre regering met die grootste respek te behou.

“Soos die Koningin self met so 'n onwrikbare toewyding gedoen het, belowe ek myself nou ook plegtig om gedurende die oorblywende tyd wat God my gun, die Grondwetlike beginsels in die hart van ons nasie te handhaaf. En waar jy ook al mag woon in die Verenigde Koninkryk, of in die ryke en gebiede regoor die wêreld, en wat ook al jou agtergrond of oortuigings mag wees, sal ek poog om jou met lojaliteit, respek en liefde te dien, soos ek deur my lewe gedoen het.

“My lewe sal natuurlik verander soos ek my nuwe verantwoordelikhede aanvaar. Dit sal nie meer vir my moontlik wees om soveel van my tyd en energie te gee aan die liefdadigheidsorganisasies en kwessies waarvoor ek so diep omgee nie. Maar ek weet hierdie belangrike werk sal voortgaan in die betroubare hande van ander.

“Dit is ook 'n tyd van verandering vir my gesin. Ek reken op die liefdevolle hulp van my liefling vrou, Camilla. Uit erkenning vir haar eie lojale staatsdiens sedert ons huwelik sewentien jaar gelede, word sy my Koningin-gemaal. Ek weet sy sal die onwrikbare toewyding aan plig waarop ek so baie gaan staatmaak na die eise van haar nuwe rol bring.

“As my erfgenaam neem William nou die Skotse titels aan wat so baie vir my beteken het. Hy volg my op as hertog van Cornwall en neem die verantwoordelikhede vir die hertogdom Cornwall op wat ek vir meer as vyf dekades onderneem het. Vandag is ek trots om vir hom Prins van Wallis, Tywysog Cymru, te skep, die land wie se titel ek so bevoorreg was om te dra gedurende soveel van my lewe en plig. Met Catherine langs hom, sal ons nuwe Prins en Prinses van Wallis, ek weet, voortgaan om ons nasionale gesprekke te inspireer en te lei, en help om die marginale na die middelpunt te bring waar lewensbelangrike hulp verleen kan word.

“Ek wil ook my liefde vir Harry en Meghan uitspreek terwyl hulle voortgaan om hul lewens oorsee te bou.

“Oor 'n bietjie meer as 'n week sal ons as 'n nasie, as 'n Statebond en inderdaad 'n wêreldgemeenskap saamkom om my geliefde ma ter ruste te lê. Laat ons in ons hartseer onthou en krag put uit die lig van haar voorbeeld. Namens al my familie kan ek net die mees opregte en hartlike dank uitspreek vir julle meegevoel en ondersteuning. Hulle beteken meer vir my as wat ek ooit kan uitdruk.

“En aan my liefling Mama, terwyl jy jou laaste groot reis begin om by my liewe oorlede Pappa aan te sluit, wil ek eenvoudig dit sê: dankie. Dankie vir jou liefde en toewyding aan ons familie en aan die familie van nasies wat jy al die jare so ywerig gedien het. Mag ‘vlugte van engele jou tot rus sing’.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tuv_Qn-g4M4

King Charles the 3rd addresses the nation for the first time after the Queen's death.

 “I speak to you today with feelings of profound sorrow. Throughout her life, Her Majesty The Queen – my beloved Mother – was an inspiration and example to me and to all my family, and we owe her the most heartfelt debt any family can owe to their mother; for her love, affection, guidance, understanding and example.

“Queen Elizabeth was a life well lived; a promise with destiny kept and she is mourned most deeply in her passing. That promise of lifelong service I renew to you all today.

“Alongside the personal grief that all my family are feeling, we also share with so many of you in the United Kingdom, in all the countries where The Queen was Head of State, in the Commonwealth and across the world, a deep sense of gratitude for the more than 70 years in which my Mother, as Queen, served the people of so many nations.

“In 1947, on her 21st birthday, she pledged in a broadcast from Cape Town to the Commonwealth to devote her life, whether it be short or long, to the service of her peoples.

“That was more than a promise: it was a profound personal commitment which defined her whole life. She made sacrifices for duty.

“Her dedication and devotion as Sovereign never waivered, through times of change and progress, through times of joy and celebration, and through times of sadness and loss.

“In her life of service we saw that abiding love of tradition, together with that fearless embrace of progress, which make us great as Nations. The affection, admiration and respect she inspired became the hallmark of her reign.

“And, as every member of my family can testify, she combined these qualities with warmth, humour and an unerring ability always to see the best in people.

“I pay tribute to my Mother’s memory and I honour her life of service. I know that her death brings great sadness to so many of you and I share that sense of loss, beyond measure, with you all.

“When The Queen came to the throne, Britain and the world were still coping with the privations and aftermath of the Second World War, and still living by the conventions of earlier times.

“In the course of the last 70 years we have seen our society become one of many cultures and many faiths.

“The institutions of the State have changed in turn. But, through all changes and challenges, our nation and the wider family of Realms – of whose talents, traditions and achievements I am so inexpressibly proud – have prospered and flourished. Our values have remained, and must remain, constant.

“The role and the duties of Monarchy also remain, as does the Sovereign’s particular relationship and responsibility towards the Church of England – the Church in which my own faith is so deeply rooted.

“In that faith, and the values it inspires, I have been brought up to cherish a sense of duty to others, and to hold in the greatest respect the precious traditions, freedoms and responsibilities of our unique history and our system of parliamentary government.

“As The Queen herself did with such unswerving devotion, I too now solemnly pledge myself, throughout the remaining time God grants me, to uphold the Constitutional principles at the heart of our nation.

“And wherever you may live in the United Kingdom, or in the Realms and territories across the world, and whatever may be your background or beliefs, I shall endeavour to serve you with loyalty, respect and love, as I have throughout my life.

“My life will of course change as I take up my new responsibilities.

“It will no longer be possible for me to give so much of my time and energies to the charities and issues for which I care so deeply. But I know this important work will go on in the trusted hands of others.

“This is also a time of change for my family. I count on the loving help of my darling wife, Camilla.

“In recognition of her own loyal public service since our marriage 17 years ago, she becomes my Queen Consort.

“I know she will bring to the demands of her new role the steadfast devotion to duty on which I have come to rely so much.

“As my Heir, William now assumes the Scottish titles which have meant so much to me.

“He succeeds me as Duke of Cornwall and takes on the responsibilities for the Duchy of Cornwall which I have undertaken for more than five decades.

“Today, I am proud to create him Prince of Wales, Tywysog Cymru, the country whose title I have been so greatly privileged to bear during so much of my life and duty.

“With Catherine beside him, our new Prince and Princess of Wales will, I know, continue to inspire and lead our national conversations, helping to bring the marginal to the centre ground where vital help can be given.

“I want also to express my love for Harry and Meghan as they continue to build their lives overseas.

“In a little over a week’s time we will come together as a nation, as a Commonwealth and indeed a global community, to lay my beloved mother to rest.

“In our sorrow, let us remember and draw strength from the light of her example.

“On behalf of all my family, I can only offer the most sincere and heartfelt thanks for your condolences and support.

“They mean more to me than I can ever possibly express.

“And to my darling Mama, as you begin your last great journey to join my dear late Papa, I want simply to say this: thank you.

“Thank you for your love and devotion to our family and to the family of nations you have served so diligently all these years.

“May ‘flights of Angels sing thee to thy rest’.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tuv_Qn-g4M4


https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/king-address-full-171702138.html

Saturday, 27 August 2022

Ka morago ga nako e telele mong wa bahlanka bao o ile a boa

2022-08-27

Mokibelo wa beke ya Masomepedi tee ka Nako ya Tlwaelo

(E no kgwatha godimo ga sengwalwa sa mmala wo motala wa leratadima go hwetša mantšu ka bibeleng)

Tlhalošo

“Bana bešo, go fihla ga bjale ga se ra dira selo le gatee; E bile go yena ka noši moo Francis O Mokgethwa a ilego a bolela le keletšo ye; a re e dire ya rena ka boikokobetšo. Ke nnete gakaakang gore ga se ra dira selo – goba go se nene kudu – go fihla ga bjale! Ngwaga o mongwe o latela o mongwe ntle le gore re ipotšiše gore re be re ka dira eng ka tšona. Na ga se gwa ba le selo seo se swanetšego go fetoša, sa go oketša goba go se tloša tseleng ya rena ya go itshwara? Re phetše ka go hloka tlhokomelo gakaakang, bjalo ka ge eka letšatši le ka se tsoge le tlile leo ka lona Moahlodi yo a sa felego a bego a tla re bitša go yena gomme re tla swanelwa ke go nea pego ya mediro ya rena le ya seo re se dirilego ka nako ya rena.

O se ke wa re dumelela go senya nako ya rena. Ga se ra swanela go diegiša gosasa seo re bego re ka se dira lehono. Lebitla le tlala ka maikemišetšo a mabotse gomme, boemong le ge e le bofe, ke mang yo a ka bolelago ge e ba gosasa re tla be re sa phela? A re theetšeng lentšu la matswalo a rena; ke lentšu la moporofeta: “Ao, ge nkabe lehono o ka kwa lentšu la gagwe: O se ke wa thatafatša pelo ya gago,” (Ps 95[94]: 7-8). Seo re nago le sona feela ke motsotso wa gona bjale: ka gona a re o hlokometšego gomme re o phele bjalo ka ge eka ke lehumo leo le re gafetšwego. Nako ga se ya rena; o se ke wa re dumelela re e senya.

Pio wa Pietralcina o Mokgethwa "Padre Pio" (1887-1968) .
Mokapuchine
TN ka Mangwalong a 4, 875,878

Sepedi / Sesotho sa Leboa

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/256/Matthew:25.14-30.NSO00


English

http://dailygospel.org/


Chisena (Beira - Mozambique)

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/1378/Matthew:25.14-30.sehnt


Sesotho / Southern Sotho

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/274/Matthew:25.14-30.sso89so


Setswana

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/278/Matthew:25.14-30.tsw08no


Afrikaans

https://www.bible.com/af/bible/2/Matthew:25.14-30.aba


Français

http://levangileauquotidien.org/


Italiano, 

http://vangelodelgiorno.org/M/IT/


Nederlands

http://dagelijksevangelie.org/M/NL/


Deutsch

http://evangeliumtagfuertag.org/


Espańol

http://evangeliodeldia.org/


Arabic

http://alingilalyawmi.org/M/AR/


Portuguęs :

http://evangelhoquotidiano.org/M/PT/


Filipino

https://www.bible.com/tl/bible/399/Matthew:25.14-30.rtpv05


Noni (Cameroon North West Province near Kumbo)

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/461/Matthew:25.14-30.nhu


Ceština / Czech

https://www.bible.com/cs/bible/15/Matthew:25.14-30.b21


XiTsonga

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/607/Matthew:25.14-30.TSO29NO89


IsiZulu

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/286/Matthew:25.14-30.ZUL59


isiXhosa

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/282/Matthew:25.14-30.XHO96


chiShona

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/32/Matthew:25.14-30.BSN


Tshivenda

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/280/Matthew:25.14-30.ven98


Sevenska / Swedish

https://www.bible.com/sv/bible/33/Matthew:25.14-30.bsv


Magyar / Hungarian

https://www.bible.com/hu/bible/526/Matthew:25.14-30.csia


Siswati

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/604/Matthew:25.14-30.swtIsi


isiNdebele

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/450/Matthew:25.14-30.snd12


Kiswahili

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/393/Matthew:25.14-30.bhnd


Acholi (Uganda)

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/559/Matthew:25.14-30.aco85


Lango (Uganda)

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/472/Matthew:25.14-30.la79


Luguru (Tanzania)

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/915/Matthew:25.14-30.lbv


Igbo (Nigeria)

https://www.bible.com/en-GB/bible/77/Matthew:25.14-30.igbob

Tuesday, 16 August 2022

The Messiah (G. F. Handel: HWV 56)

 Part the First

0:00:06 Sinfony. Grave; Allegro moderato 0:02:58 Comfort ye (Accompagnato, Tenoro). Larghetto e piano 0:05:43 Ev`ry valley shall be exalted (Aria, Tenoro). Andante 0:08:49 And the glory of the Lord (Chorus). Allegro; Adagio 0:11:10 Thus saith the Lord (Accompagnato, Basso). Recitativo 0:12:18 But who may abide (Aria, Alto). Larghetto; Prestissimo; Adagio 0:16:03 And He shall purify (Chorus). Allegro 0:18:12 Behold, a virgin shall conceive (Recitativo, Alto). 0:18:36 O thou that tellest good tidings to Zion (Aria, Alto). Andante 0:21:51 O thou that tellest good tidings to Zion (Chorus). 0:23:31 For behold, darkness shall cover the earth (Accompagnato, Basso). Andante larghetto 0:25:39 The people that walked in darkness (Aria, Basso). Larghetto 0:29:25 For unto us a child is born (Chorus). Andante allegro 0:33:26 Pifa. Larghetto e mezzo piano 0:35:36 There where shepherds (Recitativo, Accompagnato; Soprano). Andante; Allegro 0:36:58 Glory to god in the highest (Chorus). Allegro 0:39:00 Rejoice greatly (Aria, Soprano). Allegro 0:43:00 Then shall the eyes of the blind (Recitativo, Alto). [latter version] 0:43:24 He shall feed his flock (Aria, Alto). Larghetto e piano [latter version] 0:47:26 His yoke is easy (Chorus). Allegro Part the Second 0:49:35 Behold the Lamb of God (Chorus). Largo 0:52:04 He was despised (Aria, Alto). Largo 1:00:40 Surely (Chorus). Largo e staccato 1:02:18 And with his stripes we are healed (Chorus). Alla breve, Moderato 1:03:48 All we like sheep have gone astray (Chorus). Allegro moderato; Adagio 1:07:37 All they that see Him (Accompagnato, Tenore). Larghetto 1:08:17 He trusted in God (Chorus). Allegro; Adagio 1:10:25 Thy rebuke hath broken His Heart (Accompagnato, Tenore). Largo 1:12:15 Behold, and see (Arioso, Tenore). Largo e piano 1:13:26 He was cut off (Accompagnato, Tenore). Recitativo 1:13:44 But Thou didst not leave His soul in Hell (Aria, Tenore). Andante larghetto 1:15:47 lift up your heads (Chorus). A tempo ordinario 1:19:10 Unto which of the angels (Recitativo, Tenore). 1:19:28 Let all the angels of God worship Him (Chorus). Allegro 1:20:48 Thou art gone up high (Aria, Alto). Allegro larghetto 1:23:45 The Lord gave the word (Chorus). Andante allegro 1:24:50 How beautiful are the feet of them (Aria, Soprano). Larghetto :_: Their sound is gone out (Chorus). A tempo ordinario [missing] 1:29:20 Why do the nations rage (Aria, Basso). Allegro 1:31:57 Let us break their bonds (Chorus). Allegro e staccato 1:33:34 He that dwelleth in heaven (Recitativo, Tenore). 1:33:46 Thou shall break them (Aria, Tenore). Andante 1:35:57 Hallelujah (Chorus). Allegro Part the Third 1:39:46 I know that my redeemer liveth (Aria, Soprano). Larghetto 1:45:10 Since by man came death (Chorus). Grave; Allegro 1:47:13 Behold, I tell you (Accompagnato, Basso). 1:47:49 The trumpet shall sound (Aria, Basso). Pomposo, ma non allegro; Adagio 1:55:30 Then shall be brought to pass (Recitativo, Alto). 1:44:45 O death, where is thy sting (Duetto; Alto, Tenore). Andante 1:57:17 But thanks be to God (Chorus). Andante; Adagio 1:59:13 If God is for us (Aria, Soprano). Larghetto; Adagio 2:03:25 Worthy is the Lamb (Chorus). Largo; Andante 2:04:43 Blessing and honour (Chorus). Larghetto; Adagio 2:06:38 Amen (Chorus). Allegro moderato; Adagio Thanks to Matthieu Schweyer for the links.

Monday, 15 August 2022

Kgetho ya Kenya: "Ke Sa Bolela Le Uhuru, Gore Ruto Ka Morago Ga phenyo"

 Mošupologo, la 15 Phato 2022



Mopresidente Uhuru Kenyatta (ka go le letshadi) le Mopresidente yo a kgethilwego William Ruto tiragalong ya nakong e fetilego.


Ka Lynette Mukami o ile a hlokomela


Sehlopha sa Boraditaba sa Sechaba


Mopresidente yo a kgethilwego William Ruto o re ga se a hlwa a ba le poledišano le Mopresidente yo a tlogago mošomong Uhuru Kenyatta. Morena Kenyatta o be a thekgile mophenkgišani wa gagwe, moetapele wa Azimio Raila Odinga, phadišanong ya go hwetša setulo sa godimo sa Kenya.


Le ge go le bjalo, poledišanong ya thelebišene le boraditaba kua Bomas ya Kenya ka morago ga gore a tsebagatšwe bjalo ka Mopresidente yo a kgethilwego, Ngaka Ruto o utolotše gore ga se a hlwa a bolela le mong wa gagwe.


"Ke na le bonnete bja gore go tla ba le poledišano ka gobane bjale ke nna Mopresidente yo a kgethilwego. Go swanetše go ba le phetogo," a realo.


"Ka nako ye nngwe mantšiboeng a lehono goba mohlomongwe gosasa, re tla ba le poledišano."


Ngaka Ruto o be a bolela metsotswana fela morago ga go tsebagatšwa bjalo ka Mopresidente yo a kgethilwego ke modulasetulo wa IEBC Wafula Chebukati. O ile a tsebišwa e le mofenyi wa dikgetho ka morago ga go kgoboketša 50.49 lekgolong ya dikgetho kgahlanong le 48.85 lekgolong ya Raila Odinga.


Tsebišo ka holo ya Bomas ya Kenya ka Ngaka Ruto a le gona. Lega go le bjalo, Morena Odinga o be a se gona ka mo go lemogegago.


Dipolelong tša gagwe tša go bula kapejana ka morago ga go tsebagatšwa e le mofenyi wa phadišano ya August 9, o ile a kgonthišetša gape le manaba a gagwe a dipolitiki gore a ka se tsome tefetšo kgahlanong le bona.


“Ke lemoga ka mo go tseneletšego gore naga ya rena e mo legatong leo re nyakago diatla ka moka godimo ga mokatong wa sekepe. Ga re na maemo a godimo a go lebelela morago, ga re na maemo a godimo a go šupa menwana, re swanetše go šoma mmogo bakeng sa Kenya ye e atlegilego,” a realo.

Wednesday, 27 July 2022

Characteristics of neutrons (bilingua Sepedi / English)

 

Characteristics of neutrons

https://nmi3.eu/neutron-research/characteristics-of-neutrons.html

 

Diponagalo tša dinyutrone

Neutrons are electrically neutral but have a spin, or magnetic moment, so they are sensitive to magnetic sources in condensed matter and can provide images of magnetic structure. Neutrons have the ability to deeply penetrate matter, they interact with nuclei and neutrons – unlike X-rays – can distinguish light elements such as hydrogen.

Dinyutrone  ka mohlagase eupša di na le go dikologa, goba motsotso wa makenete, ka gona tšona di kgopišwa kudu  go methopo ya makenete ka gare ga dilo tše di khutsofaditšwego gomme di ka nea diswantšho tša sebopego sa makenete. Dinyutrone di na le bokgoni bja go tsenelela ka gare ga selo, di dirišana le dithapo gomme dinyutrone – go fapana le mahlasedi a X– di ka hlaola dielemente tša bofefo tša go swana le haetrotšene.

Below we present 5 characteristics of neutrons, and 5 good reasons to use them for research.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ka tlase re tšweletša diponagalo tše 5 tša dinyutrone, le mabaka a 5 a mabotse a go di diriša bakeng sa nyakišišo.

Electrically neutral, they can go deep into matter

Neutrons are non-destructive and can penetrate deep into matter. This makes them an ideal probe for biological materials and samples under extreme conditions of pressure, temperature, magnetic field or within chemical reaction vessels.

 

Di magareng ka mohlagase, di ka tsena ka gare-gare ga dilo

Dinyutrone ga di senye gomme di ka tsenelela ka gare-gare ga dilo. Se se dirang gore e be sedirišwa se se loketšego ya didirišwa tša thutaphedi le disampole ka fase ga maemo a feteletšego a kgatelelo, themperetšha, tšhemo ya makenete goba ka gare ga dibjana tša karabelo ya dikhemikhale.

Microscopically magnetic, they can show magnetism

Because they possess a magnetic dipole moment, neutrons are sensitive to magnetic fields generated by unpaired electrons in materials, and they can be used to analyse the magnetic properties of materials, at the atomic scale. In addition, the scattering power of a neutron off an atomic nucleus depends on the orientation of the neutron and the spin of the atomic nuclei in a sample. This makes the neutron a powerful instrument for detecting the nuclear spin order

Ka maekerosekopo makenete, di ka bontšha bomakenete

 

Ka ge di na le motsotso wa makenete wa dikotapedi, dinyutrone di kgopišwa kudu  go mafelo a makenete ao a tšweletšwago ke dielektherone tšeo di sa kopanywago ka gare ga didirišwa, gomme di ka dirišetšwa go sekaseka dithoto tša makenete tša didirišwa, ka tekanyo ya athomo. Go oketša moo, maatla a go phatlalatša a nyutrone go tšwa go thapo ya athomo a ithekgile ka go sekamelwa ga nyutrone le go dikologa ga dithapo tša athomo mohlaleng. Se se dira gore nyutrone e be sedirišwa se maatla sa go lemoga tatelano ya go dikologa ga thapo.

Their Ångstrom wavelengths can show structure

Neutron wavelengths range from 0.1 Å to 1000 Å, which is comparable to the distance of neighbouring atoms in solid matter. This makes them an ideal probe of atomic and molecular structures, be they single atomic species or complex biopolymers. Like water waves at a barrier, neutrons are diffracted by the ordered atoms of a crystal. The neutron diffraction angle is a sensitive measure for the distance of the atoms within the crystal and therefore can give us information on the localisation of the atoms.

 

Bolelele bja maphoto bja bona bja Ångstrom bo ka bontša sebopego

Maphotomatelele a nyutrone bo tloga go 0.1 Å go ya go 1000 Å, yeo e bapetšwago le sekgala sa diathomo tša kgauswi ka gare ga dilo tše di tiilego. Se se dira gore e be senyakišiši se se swanetšego sa dibopego tša athomo le tša dimolekhule, e ka ba mehuta e tee ya athomo goba dibiopolymer tše di raraganego. Go swana le maphoto a meetse ao a lego lephekong, dinyutrone di kobegile ke diathomo tše di laetšwego tša khristale. Khutlo ya kobego ya nyutrone ke tekanyo e kgopišwa kudu bokgole bja diathomo ka gare ga khristale gomme ka fao e ka re fa tshedimošo ka ga go bewa ga diathomo.

Their energies of millielectronvolts can show motion

The energies of neutrons are of the same magnitude as the diffusive motion in solids and liquids, the coherent waves in single crystals (phonons and magnons), and the vibrational modes in molecules. It is easy to detect any exchange of energy between a sample of between 1 microeV (even 1 neV with spin-echo) and 1eV and an incoming neutron.

 

Mafolofolo a bona a divolt tše milli tša dielektherone a ka bontša mosepelo

Mafolofolo a dinyutrone ke a bogolo bjo bo swanago le bja mosepelo wa go phatlalatša dilong dithateng le dieleng, maphoto ao a kgokaganego ka gare ga dikhristale tše tee (di- phonon le di- magnon) le mekgwa ya go thothomela dimolekule. Go bonolo go lemoga phapantšho efe goba efe ya maatla magareng ga sampole ya magareng ga 1microeV (gaešita le 1 neV ka spin-echo) le 1eV le nyutrone ye e tsenago.

Randomly sensitive, they can show hydrogen atoms

With neutrons, the variation in scattering power from one nucleus to another within a crystal varies in a quasi-random manner. This means that lighter atoms are visible despite the presence of heavier atoms, and neighbouring atoms may be distinguished from each other. In addition, contrast can be varied in certain samples using isotopic substitution (for example D for H, or one nickel isotope for another); specific structural features can thus be highlighted. The neutron is particularly sensitive to hydrogen atoms; it is therefore a powerful probe of hydrogen storage materials, organic molecular materials, and biomolecular samples or polymers.

Go kgopišwa kudu ka go se kgethe, di ka bontšha diathomo tša haetrotšene

Ka dinyutrone, go fapana ga maatla a go phatlalatša go tšwa go thapo e nngwe go ya go e nngwe ka gare ga khristale go fapana ka mokgwa wa go swana le wa go se kgethe. Se se bolela gore diathomo tše bofefo di a bonagala go sa šetšwe go ba gona ga diathomo tše boima, gomme diathomo tša kgaufsi di ka hlaolwa go e nngwe le e nngwe. Go tlaleletša, phapano e ka fapana ka disampole tše itšego ka go šomiša go tšea legato ga isotope (mohlala D bakeng sa H, goba isotope e tee ya nikele bakeng sa e nngwe); ka go rialo diponagalo tše itšego tša sebopego di ka tšweletšwa. Nyutrone di kgopišwa kudu go diathomo tša haetrotšene; ka gona ke nyakišišo e maatla ya didirišwa tša go boloka haetrotšene, didirišwa tša dimolekule tša diphedi le dišupo tša dimolekule tša diphedi goba dipolimere.